A closure within a class can also create a strong reference cycle by capturing self references.
2.
The referenced cycles per byte speeds above are the median performance of an algorithm digesting a 4, 096 byte message using the SUPERCOP cryptographic benchmarking software.
3.
In the absence of reference cycles, where an object refers to itself indirectly through a sequence of smart pointers, these eliminate the possibility of dangling pointers and memory leaks.
4.
This technique can be automated by creating an " owner " object that does the tearing-down when it is destroyed; for instance, a Graph object's destructor could delete the edges of its GraphNodes, breaking the reference cycles in the graph.
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